War as a Way of Life - the GOP Gulag
The Reagan revolution
In the mid-1970s, the industry and its allies in the Pentagon, on Capitol Hill, and in organizations like the right-wing Committee on the Present Danger (CPD), were looking for ways to reverse the decline in military spending in the wake of the Vietnam War.
The 1976 election of Jimmy Carter, who campaigned on a platform of promoting human rights and curbing the arms trade, got the industry’s back up, prompting the creation of a specific industry lobbying group, the American League for Exports and Security Assistance (ALESA). ALESA was explicitly designed to thwart Carter’s efforts on this front.
The overthrow of the Shah of Iran by internal opponents in late 1978 coupled with the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 gave political ammunition to hardliners within the Carter administration, moving it to the right as it called for the development of a Rapid Deployment Force capable of intervening militarily in the Persian Gulf on short notice. Simultaneously, the CPD was winning a propaganda war that claimed that the CIA had badly underestimated Soviet military strength.
The arms industry was the direct beneficiary of these developments, as it backed the CPD’s preferred candidate, Ronald Reagan, in his 1980 bid to oust Carter from the White House.
The industry as a whole cashed in, as Reagan pursued the largest peacetime military buildup in U.S. history, while specific companies got special favors. Rockwell International was able to restore funding for the B-1 bomber, combining White House support with a pork barrel campaign that placed subcontracts for work on the plane in nearly every Congressional district. Boeing benefited from the administration’s all-out support for a multi-billion sale of AWACS radar planes to Saudi Arabia, while General Dynamics reaped the rewards from a relaxation of the Carter administration’s limits on sales of combat aircraft to Latin America to squeeze in a sale of F-16 fighters to Venezuela. (now that is FUNNY...Chavez has F16's)
The weapons manufacturers ultimately over-reached during the Reagan years, leading to several high-profile scandals. These included the so-called “spare parts” scandal that revealed charges of $600 for toilet seats and $3,000 for coffee pots, which were in fact just the symbols of an entire procurement system run amok.
There was also Operation Ill Wind, a massive bid-rigging scheme in which former Pentagon officials conspired with their colleagues inside the building to steer contracts and subcontracts to favored companies while skimming off illegal fees for themselves. Major firms implicated in Ill Wind included Boeing, Hughes, General Dynamics and General Electric. Meanwhile, Lockheed was caught rigging a major test for Reagan’s beloved Star Wars program.
And, in the most dangerous scandal of all, a National Security Council staffer named Oliver North was caught running an illegal gun-running operation out of the basement of the Executive Office Building, using a network of front companies and unsavory characters to override the will of Congress and subvert the Constitution while arming the government of Iran and the anti-government (when is it terrorism?) contra “rebels” in Nicaragua.
Even during the industry-friendly Reagan era, the military-industrial complex was far from all-powerful. A grassroots anti-nuclear movement campaign transformed Reagan from the president who joked that “the bombing will start in five minutes” to the first president to agree to deep cuts in the U.S. nuclear arsenal. Reagan’s pet project, the Star Wars missile defense system, was unceremoniously thrown onto the back burner in the face of a highly effective public campaign waged by technical experts from groups like the Union of Concerned Scientists that indicated that the system would be both destabilizing and unworkable. The Ill Wind scandal led to reforms in weapons procurement processes, while the exposure of the Iran/Contra scandal at least briefly curbed the Executive Branch’s appetite for covert foreign adventures.
The threat of peace
The greatest threat to the revenues of the arms industry came with the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet empire.
General Colin Powell, who served as chair of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in the administrations of George Bush the elder and Bill Clinton, was perhaps a bit too forthcoming when he noted that the U.S. was “running out of enemies.”
The Pentagon and the Joint Chiefs eventually settled on a strategy of selling the need for a capability to wage two “major regional conflicts” against “rogue states” like Iraq or North Korea simultaneously, and promptly overstated the strength of these new priority adversaries. This strategy helped limit cuts in military spending to levels far less than would have otherwise obtained, stabilizing at Cold War levels despite the lack of a superpower adversary.
In parallel with the Pentagon’s efforts at creating new threats, the arms industry was doing its part to keep spending as high as possible, in part by funding right-wing think tanks like Frank Gaffney’s Center for Security Policy, a full-time media megaphone for reviving Star Wars and restoring Reagan-era military budgets.
(Could we also have freedom FROM religion along with choice?) WHY is the Supreme Court of a secular nation having a mass with the Catholic church?)
In short, as the cartoon character Pogo used to say, “we have met the enemy, and it is us!”
The Bush II years
Having weathered the post-Cold War period with their profitability intact, the major weapons contractors hit the jackpot with the presidency of George W. Bush. Well before September 11 cleared the way for major increases in military and homeland security spending, the industry had already placed its bets on Bush, giving him five times as much in donations in the 2000 presidential race as it gave to his opponent Al Gore. Military spending proper has risen from just over $300 billion per year when Bush took office to over $439 billion per year in the proposed fiscal year 2006 budget, not to mention the $200 billion and counting in emergency appropriations approved for the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. The emphasis on homeland security has created a whole new pot of money for the companies to pursue, which has more than doubled to over $40 billion per year in the Bush years.
The Big Three contractors — Lockheed Martin, Boeing and Northrop Grumman — combined to split nearly $50 billion in Pentagon contracts in fiscal year 2004, or nearly one out of every four dollars the Pentagon handed out for everything from rifles to rockets. By comparison, the top three contractors in the late 1970s accounted for roughly 13 percent of Pentagon contracts, roughly half the share of the current Big Three.
.(.so we are not even fighting for free enterprise anymore but for complete control by 4-5 globalist firms...running a totalitarian world of violence, drug running and
greed - the Bush family empire goes global. Their CIA within the CIA finally corrupts completely ... )
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A new breed of contractors — private military firms like Halliburton, Dyncorp, Blackwater and CACI — has emerged with a vengeance to supply everything from meals to base and vehicle maintenance, from security services to training in overseas combat zones. Brookings Institution "expert" (in what) Peter W. Singer notes that reliance on these firms has mushroomed in the last decade. In the 1990/1991 Iraq war, one in 100 personnel in theater worked for a private firm, while in the current Iraq war that figure is one in 10.
The Bush buildup has spawned its own scandals, including a corrupt deal to lease Boeing 767s and convert them to aerial refueling tankers that has so far led to the resignation of the company’s CEO and left another official in jail; a slew of billing scandals, cost overruns and allegations of fraud by Vice President Cheney’s former firm, Halliburton, in Iraq; and even the involvement of two private firms, Titan and CACI, in the Abu Ghraib torture scandal in Iraq. These high profile scandals don’t represent a few bad apples, but a whole barrel that has become rotten from lack of public oversight and accountability.
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Nongovernmental organizations in the anti-war and government accountability movements are beginning to work with members of Congress on everything from tightening the “revolving door” that allows arms industry officials to move effortlessly between corporate posts and policymaking jobs in government, to the creation of a new Truman-style commission on war profiteering.
As President Eisenhower noted in his military-industrial-complex speech over four decades ago, only an “alert and knowledgeable citizenry” can keep the arms lobby under control. We are overdue for a new wave of reform. Our security is too important to be left to the whims of special interests.
William Hartung is the Director of the Arms Trade Resources Center at the World Policy Institute, at the New School for Research in New York City.
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As I watch "Reliable Sources" on CNN covering the "Beatle Break Up" while their own country has fallen to fascism, it is sad beyond belief. Rather like a line from Orwell's 1984, when the main character "Winston" is back from being tortured by the state, ...sitting in grim, run down bar, he listens to the "news" as a gin soaked tear trickles down his face.
So I turn off CNN, and go to the comedy channel where I can get the real news from the Colbert Report or the Daily Show with Jon Stewart, and exorcise grief in laughter,.
There is afterall a great sense of revolution in at least being able to let them know that
they are certainly not fooling all of us - and never have.
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